Enhanced Weathering
EW
Finely ground “climate rocks” such as olivine and basalt are spread on land, where they react with CO2 and water and lock carbon away permanently as carbonates.
How it worksThe Comings Foundation · 501(c)(3)
Climate Science. Practical Solutions. A Future Worth Protecting.
A family foundation led by medical geneticist Dr. David E. Comings, M.D., devoted to explaining the science of global warming and to activating safe, permanent ways of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the oceans.
1966–2002Director, Department of Medical Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center
President, 1988American Society of Human Genetics
Editor, 1978–86The American Journal of Human Genetics
494scientific publications listed in his curriculum vitae
Annual increase in atmospheric CO2
Parts per million added per year, Mauna Loa record, selected years
| Year | ppm per year |
|---|---|
| 1967 | 1.0 |
| 1987 | 1.5 |
| 2007 | 2.0 |
| 2017 | 2.5 |
| 2023 | 2.8 |
| 2025 | 3.5 |
Why it matters
Not only rising — rising faster every decade.
Atmospheric CO2 was 315 ppm when measurements began on Mauna Loa in 1959. The book documents a less discussed point: the rate of increase is itself accelerating.
- Carbon-isotope studies (C12/C13) trace the added CO2 to the burning of fossil fuels. pp. 24–26
- The Earth's heat imbalance — driven by greenhouse gases and the loss of reflective ice (albedo) — is large and growing. pp. 76–83
- Warming oceans release CO2, creating a feedback loop that the author argues continues even after net-zero emissions. p. 224
- The author's conclusion: emission cuts are essential but a massive, worldwide carbon-dioxide-removal effort is also required. Chs. 9–10
The featured book · Hope Press, 2026
The Science of Global Warming
And Four Ways to Fix It
A clear, evidence-based explanation of the science behind global warming — and four approaches for removing carbon dioxide at the scale of billions of tons per year. Written for students, educators, environmental advocates, policymakers and concerned citizens.
- Why atmospheric CO2, the Earth's heat imbalance and ocean heat content are all increasing
- Why the author argues that carbon removal — not emissions cuts alone — is required
- Four approaches using climate rocks, ocean chemistry and electrolysis
The four fixes
Four Approaches. One Global Challenge.
To avoid trillions of dollars in damage, the book cites estimates that 10 to 20 gigatons of CO2 must be removed from the atmosphere every year. The author proposes four ways to do it safely and permanently — without burying gigatons of CO2 gas underground.
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
OAE
Adding alkaline minerals such as CaO, MgO or Mg(OH)₂ to seawater lets the ocean absorb more CO2 and store it as dissolved carbonate — while countering acidification.
How it worksElectrolysis-Enhanced OAE
eOAE
Electrolysis is used together with olivine to speed up ocean alkalinity enhancement and improve its efficiency.
How it worksDirect Ocean CO₂ Removal
eOAE2 · “e2”
A hybrid of two electrolysis techniques removes CO2 directly from seawater as carbonates and returns alkalized water to the sea — no mining, no burial.
How it works
37 yearsat City of Hope National Medical Center
Meet the author
Meet Dr. David E. Comings
Physician, medical geneticist and former Director of the Department of Medical Genetics at City of Hope National Medical Center, where he worked from 1966 until his retirement in 2002.
Dr. Comings served as President of the American Society of Human Genetics (1988) and Editor of The American Journal of Human Genetics (1978–1986). He is known for his research on the genetics of Tourette syndrome and of addictive and behavioral disorders, and has authored nearly 500 scientific articles, abstracts and book chapters. In retirement he founded The Comings Foundation to focus his scientific training on the problem of climate change.
- M.D., Northwestern UniversityMedical School, 1958
- Board certifiedInternal Medicine · Clinical Genetics
- Fellow, ASCIAmerican Society for Clinical Investigation, 1968
- Emeritus ProfessorCity of Hope, Beckman Research Institute
Latest research & insights
Research, Publications & Scientific Insights
Peer-reviewed papers, the foundation's in-depth reports and quarterly updates to the book — all free to read and download.
Climate Science2024
Is the Earth Now in a Multifactorial CO2 Tipping Point? The Case for More Aggressive Carbon Dioxide Removal
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health, Vol. 12, No. 06, pp. 01–10 (2024) · Open access
Argues that even if no single climate tipping point has been fully activated, the additive effect of many partially activated tipping points has begun and could lead to an irreversible positive feedback loop — and that the way out is to activate multiple Negative Emission Technologies globally.
Climate Science2025
The Earth's Deadly CO2 Global Warming Feedback Loop
International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 5, p. 452 (2025)
Brings to public attention scientific observations rarely highlighted in climate discussions: a CO2 feedback loop, driven by ocean warming, that the author argues will keep atmospheric CO2 rising even after net-zero emissions.
Book UpdatesSummer 2026
Post-Printing Additions — Summer 2026
Updates to The Science of Global Warming
39 items, including the strongest El Niño on record, record Antarctic glacier retreat, 2026 heat records and the growth of solar and battery storage.
Podcasts & media
Conversations, Interviews & Scientific Perspectives
Dr. Comings discusses the science of global warming and the four ways to fix it.
Global Book NetworkJuly 3, 2026
Global Book Network — David E. Comings, M.D., Author of The Science of Global Warming
Host: Flobo Boyce, Global Book Network · 25 min
Dr. Comings explores the scientific principles behind climate change, the evidence for global warming, and the four approaches he presents for addressing it.
Marketer of the DayJuly 22, 2026
Global Warming Solutions and Climate Action with Dr. David E. Comings
Host: Robert Plank · 23 min
Episode 1618 of the Robert Plank Show: moving past fear, politics and denial to practical, science-based climate solutions.
The Chris Voss ShowAugust 11, 2026
The Chris Voss Show Podcast — Dr. David Edward Comings, M.D.
Host: Chris Voss · 32 min
A conversation with Dr. Comings about The Science of Global Warming and what can be done to reverse it.
Support the work
Support Research That Matters
The Comings Foundation is a non-profit under Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. According to the foundation, 100% of its funds are used for its research projects and all of its staff work without a salary.
Status501(c)(3) non-profit
EIN27-0119876
CA Secretary of StateC4688658
CA Attorney GeneralCT0274942